Метка: Synthesis Lectures on Computer Architecture

Скачать книгу Dynamic Binary Modification бесплатно, читать книги онлайн Kim Hazelwood, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Книга: Dynamic Binary Modification, скачать, купить и читать.

Автор книги из жанра легкая промышленность, нормативная документация, промышленность, технический анализ: Kim Hazelwood, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

Идентификатор книги: 55703931.

книга Dynamic Binary Modification  Краткое содержание бизнес книги: Dynamic Binary Modification.

Dynamic binary modification tools form a software layer between a running application and the underlying operating system, providing the powerful opportunity to inspect and potentially modify every user-level guest application instruction that executes. Toolkits built upon this technology have enabled computer architects to build powerful simulators and emulators for design-space exploration, compiler writers to analyze and debug the code generated by their compilers, software developers to fully explore the features, bottlenecks, and performance of their software, and even end-users to extend the functionality of proprietary software running on their computers. Several dynamic binary modification systems are freely available today that place this power into the hands of the end user. While these systems are quite complex internally, they mask that complexity with an easy-to-learn API that allows a typical user to ramp up fairly quickly and build any of a number of powerful tools. Meanwhile, these tools are robust enough to form the foundation for software products in use today.

This book serves as a primer for researchers interested in dynamic binary modification systems, their internal design structure, and the wide range of tools that can be built leveraging these systems. The hands-on examples presented throughout form a solid foundation for designing and constructing more complex tools, with an appreciation for the techniques necessary to make those tools robust and efficient. Meanwhile, the reader will get an appreciation for the internal design of the engines themselves.

Table of Contents: Dynamic Binary Modification: Overview / Using a Dynamic Binary Modifier / Program Analysis and Debugging / Active Program Modification / Architectural Exploration / Advanced System Internals / Historical Perspectives / Summary and Observations

Книги о техническом анализе.

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Скачать книгу Quantum Computing for Computer Architects бесплатно, читать книги онлайн Frederic T. Chong, Tzvetan S. Metodi, Arvin I. Faruque, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Книга: Quantum Computing for Computer Architects, скачать, купить и читать.

Автор книги из жанра технический анализ, физика: Frederic T. Chong, Tzvetan S. Metodi, Arvin I. Faruque, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

Идентификатор книги: 55703927.

книга Quantum Computing for Computer Architects  Краткое содержание бизнес книги: Quantum Computing for Computer Architects.

Quantum computers can (in theory) solve certain problems far faster than a classical computer running any known classical algorithm. While existing technologies for building quantum computers are in their infancy, it is not too early to consider their scalability and reliability in the context of the design of large-scale quantum computers. To architect such systems, one must understand what it takes to design and model a balanced, fault-tolerant quantum computer architecture. The goal of this lecture is to provide architectural abstractions for the design of a quantum computer and to explore the systems-level challenges in achieving scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation.

In this lecture, we provide an engineering-oriented introduction to quantum computation with an overview of the theory behind key quantum algorithms. Next, we look at architectural case studies based upon experimental data and future projections for quantum computation implemented using trapped ions. While we focus here on architectures targeted for realization using trapped ions, the techniques for quantum computer architecture design, quantum fault-tolerance, and compilation described in this lecture are applicable to many other physical technologies that may be viable candidates for building a large-scale quantum computing system. We also discuss general issues involved with programming a quantum computer as well as a discussion of work on quantum architectures based on quantum teleportation. Finally, we consider some of the open issues remaining in the design of quantum computers.

Table of Contents: Introduction / Basic Elements for Quantum Computation / Key Quantum Algorithms / Building Reliable and Scalable Quantum Architectures / Simulation of Quantum Computation / Architectural Elements / Case Study: The Quantum Logic Array Architecture / Programming the Quantum Architecture / Using the QLA for Quantum Simulation: The Transverse Ising Model / Teleportation-Based Quantum Architectures / Concluding Remarks

Книги о техническом анализе.

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Скачать книгу Processor Microarchitecture бесплатно, читать книги онлайн Antonio Gonzalez, Fernando Latorre, Grigorios Magklis, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Книга: Processor Microarchitecture, скачать, купить и читать.

Автор книги из жанра компьютерное железо, легкая промышленность, нормативная документация, промышленность, технический анализ: Antonio Gonzalez, Fernando Latorre, Grigorios Magklis, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

Идентификатор книги: 55703919.

книга Processor Microarchitecture  Краткое содержание бизнес книги: Processor Microarchitecture.

This lecture presents a study of the microarchitecture of contemporary microprocessors. The focus is on implementation aspects, with discussions on their implications in terms of performance, power, and cost of state-of-the-art designs. The lecture starts with an overview of the different types of microprocessors and a review of the microarchitecture of cache memories. Then, it describes the implementation of the fetch unit, where special emphasis is made on the required support for branch prediction. The next section is devoted to instruction decode with special focus on the particular support to decoding x86 instructions. The next chapter presents the allocation stage and pays special attention to the implementation of register renaming. Afterward, the issue stage is studied. Here, the logic to implement out-of-order issue for both memory and non-memory instructions is thoroughly described. The following chapter focuses on the instruction execution and describes the different functional units that can be found in contemporary microprocessors, as well as the implementation of the bypass network, which has an important impact on the performance. Finally, the lecture concludes with the commit stage, where it describes how the architectural state is updated and recovered in case of exceptions or misspeculations.

This lecture is intended for an advanced course on computer architecture, suitable for graduate students or senior undergrads who want to specialize in the area of computer architecture. It is also intended for practitioners in the industry in the area of microprocessor design. The book assumes that the reader is familiar with the main concepts regarding pipelining, out-of-order execution, cache memories, and virtual memory.

Table of Contents: Introduction / Caches / The Instruction Fetch Unit / Decode / Allocation / The Issue Stage / Execute / The Commit Stage / References / Author Biographies

Книги о техническом анализе.

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Скачать книгу Transactional Memory, 2nd Edition бесплатно, читать книги онлайн Tim Harris, James Larus, Ravi Rajwar, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Книга: Transactional Memory, 2nd Edition, скачать, купить и читать.

Автор книги из жанра легкая промышленность, программирование, программы, промышленность, технический анализ: Tim Harris, James Larus, Ravi Rajwar, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

Идентификатор книги: 55703915.

книга Transactional Memory, 2nd Edition  Краткое содержание бизнес книги: Transactional Memory, 2nd Edition.

The advent of multicore processors has renewed interest in the idea of incorporating transactions into the programming model used to write parallel programs. This approach, known as transactional memory, offers an alternative, and hopefully better, way to coordinate concurrent threads. The ACI (atomicity, consistency, isolation) properties of transactions provide a foundation to ensure that concurrent reads and writes of shared data do not produce inconsistent or incorrect results. At a higher level, a computation wrapped in a transaction executes atomically – either it completes successfully and commits its result in its entirety or it aborts. In addition, isolation ensures the transaction produces the same result as if no other transactions were executing concurrently. Although transactions are not a parallel programming panacea, they shift much of the burden of synchronizing and coordinating parallel computations from a programmer to a compiler, to a language runtime system, or to hardware. The challenge for the system implementers is to build an efficient transactional memory infrastructure. This book presents an overview of the state of the art in the design and implementation of transactional memory systems, as of early spring 2010.

Table of Contents: Introduction / Basic Transactions / Building on Basic Transactions / Software Transactional Memory / Hardware-Supported Transactional Memory / Conclusions

Книги о техническом анализе.

Что такое технический анализе? Для чего надо знать как и где работает технический анализ?.
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Скачать книгу Computer Architecture Performance Evaluation Methods бесплатно, читать книги онлайн Lieven Eeckhout, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Книга: Computer Architecture Performance Evaluation Methods, скачать, купить и читать.

Автор книги из жанра легкая промышленность, программирование, программы, промышленность, технический анализ: Lieven Eeckhout, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

Идентификатор книги: 55703911.

книга Computer Architecture Performance Evaluation Methods  Краткое содержание бизнес книги: Computer Architecture Performance Evaluation Methods.

Performance evaluation is at the foundation of computer architecture research and development. Contemporary microprocessors are so complex that architects cannot design systems based on intuition and simple models only. Adequate performance evaluation methods are absolutely crucial to steer the research and development process in the right direction. However, rigorous performance evaluation is non-trivial as there are multiple aspects to performance evaluation, such as picking workloads, selecting an appropriate modeling or simulation approach, running the model and interpreting the results using meaningful metrics. Each of these aspects is equally important and a performance evaluation method that lacks rigor in any of these crucial aspects may lead to inaccurate performance data and may drive research and development in a wrong direction. The goal of this book is to present an overview of the current state-of-the-art in computer architecture performance evaluation, with a special emphasis on methods for exploring processor architectures. The book focuses on fundamental concepts and ideas for obtaining accurate performance data. The book covers various topics in performance evaluation, ranging from performance metrics, to workload selection, to various modeling approaches including mechanistic and empirical modeling. And because simulation is by far the most prevalent modeling technique, more than half the book's content is devoted to simulation. The book provides an overview of the simulation techniques in the computer designer's toolbox, followed by various simulation acceleration techniques including sampled simulation, statistical simulation, parallel simulation and hardware-accelerated simulation.

Table of Contents: Introduction / Performance Metrics / Workload Design / Analytical Performance Modeling / Simulation / Sampled Simulation / Statistical Simulation / Parallel Simulation and Hardware Acceleration / Concluding Remarks

Книги о техническом анализе.

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Скачать книгу The Memory System бесплатно, читать книги онлайн Bruce Jacob, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Книга: The Memory System, скачать, купить и читать.

Автор книги из жанра базы данных, легкая промышленность, нормативная документация, промышленность, технический анализ: Bruce Jacob, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

Идентификатор книги: 55703411.

книга The Memory System  Краткое содержание бизнес книги: The Memory System.

Today, computer-system optimization, at both the hardware and software levels, must consider the details of the memory system in its analysis; failing to do so yields systems that are increasingly inefficient as those systems become more complex. This lecture seeks to introduce the reader to the most important details of the memory system; it targets both computer scientists and computer engineers in industry and in academia. Roughly speaking, computer scientists are the users of the memory system and computer engineers are the designers of the memory system. Both can benefit tremendously from a basic understanding of how the memory system really works: the computer scientist will be better equipped to create algorithms that perform well and the computer engineer will be better equipped to design systems that approach the optimal, given the resource limitations. Currently, there is consensus among architecture researchers that the memory system is «the bottleneck,» and this consensus has held for over a decade. Somewhat inexplicably, most of the research in the field is still directed toward improving the CPU to better tolerate a slow memory system, as opposed to addressing the weaknesses of the memory system directly. This lecture should get the bulk of the computer science and computer engineering population up the steep part of the learning curve. Not every CS/CE researcher/developer needs to do work in the memory system, but, just as a carpenter can do his job more efficiently if he knows a little of architecture, and an architect can do his job more efficiently if he knows a little of carpentry, giving the CS/CE worlds better intuition about the memory system should help them build better systems, both software and hardware.

Table of Contents: Primers / It Must Be Modeled Accurately / … and It Will Change Soon

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Скачать книгу Computer Architecture Techniques for Power-Efficiency бесплатно, читать книги онлайн Margaret Martonosi, Stefanos Kaxiras, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Книга: Computer Architecture Techniques for Power-Efficiency, скачать, купить и читать.

Автор книги из жанра легкая промышленность, нормативная документация, промышленность, технический анализ: Margaret Martonosi, Stefanos Kaxiras, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

Идентификатор книги: 55703299.

книга Computer Architecture Techniques for Power-Efficiency  Краткое содержание бизнес книги: Computer Architecture Techniques for Power-Efficiency.

In the last few years, power dissipation has become an important design constraint, on par with performance, in the design of new computer systems. Whereas in the past, the primary job of the computer architect was to translate improvements in operating frequency and transistor count into performance, now power efficiency must be taken into account at every step of the design process.

While for some time, architects have been successful in delivering 40% to 50% annual improvement in processor performance, costs that were previously brushed aside eventually caught up. The most critical of these costs is the inexorable increase in power dissipation and power density in processors. Power dissipation issues have catalyzed new topic areas in computer architecture, resulting in a substantial body of work on more power-efficient architectures. Power dissipation coupled with diminishing performance gains, was also the main cause for the switch from single-core to multi-core architectures and a slowdown in frequency increase.

This book aims to document some of the most important architectural techniques that were invented, proposed, and applied to reduce both dynamic power and static power dissipation in processors and memory hierarchies. A significant number of techniques have been proposed for a wide range of situations and this book synthesizes those techniques by focusing on their common characteristics.

Table of Contents: Introduction / Modeling, Simulation, and Measurement / Using Voltage and Frequency Adjustments to Manage Dynamic Power / Optimizing Capacitance and Switching Activity to Reduce Dynamic Power / Managing Static (Leakage) Power / Conclusions

Книги о техническом анализе.

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Скачать книгу Performance Analysis and Tuning for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) бесплатно, читать книги онлайн Jee Choi, Hyesoon Kim, Richard Vuduc, Sara Baghsorkhi, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Книга: Performance Analysis and Tuning for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU), скачать, купить и читать.

Автор книги из жанра программирование, программы, технический анализ: Jee Choi, Hyesoon Kim, Richard Vuduc, Sara Baghsorkhi, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

Идентификатор книги: 55705603.

книга Performance Analysis and Tuning for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU)  Краткое содержание бизнес книги: Performance Analysis and Tuning for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU).

General-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPU) have emerged as an important class of shared memory parallel processing architectures, with widespread deployment in every computer class from high-end supercomputers to embedded mobile platforms. Relative to more traditional multicore systems of today, GPGPUs have distinctly higher degrees of hardware multithreading (hundreds of hardware thread contexts vs. tens), a return to wide vector units (several tens vs. 1-10), memory architectures that deliver higher peak memory bandwidth (hundreds of gigabytes per second vs. tens), and smaller caches/scratchpad memories (less than 1 megabyte vs. 1-10 megabytes).

In this book, we provide a high-level overview of current GPGPU architectures and programming models. We review the principles that are used in previous shared memory parallel platforms, focusing on recent results in both the theory and practice of parallel algorithms, and suggest a connection to GPGPU platforms. We aim to provide hints to architects about understanding algorithm aspect to GPGPU. We also provide detailed performance analysis and guide optimizations from high-level algorithms to low-level instruction level optimizations. As a case study, we use n-body particle simulations known as the fast multipole method (FMM) as an example. We also briefly survey the state-of-the-art in GPU performance analysis tools and techniques.

Table of Contents: GPU Design, Programming, and Trends / Performance Principles / From Principles to Practice: Analysis and Tuning / Using Detailed Performance Analysis to Guide Optimization

Книги о техническом анализе.

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Скачать книгу Shared-Memory Synchronization бесплатно, читать книги онлайн Michael L. Scott, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Книга: Shared-Memory Synchronization, скачать, купить и читать.

Автор книги из жанра зарубежная компьютерная литература, книги о компьютерах, программирование, программы, технический анализ: Michael L. Scott, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

Идентификатор книги: 55705263.

книга Shared-Memory Synchronization  Краткое содержание бизнес книги: Shared-Memory Synchronization.

From driving, flying, and swimming, to digging for unknown objects in space exploration, autonomous robots take on varied shapes and sizes. In part, autonomous robots are designed to perform tasks that are too dirty, dull, or dangerous for humans. With nontrivial autonomy and volition, they may soon claim their own place in human society. These robots will be our allies as we strive for understanding our natural and man-made environments and build positive synergies around us. Although we may never perfect replication of biological capabilities in robots, we must harness the inevitable emergence of robots that synchronizes with our own capacities to live, learn, and grow. This book is a snapshot of motivations and methodologies for our collective attempts to transform our lives and enable us to cohabit with robots that work with and for us. It reviews and guides the reader to seminal and continual developments that are the foundations for successful paradigms. It attempts to demystify the abilities and limitations of robots. It is a progress report on the continuing work that will fuel future endeavors.

Table of Contents: Part I: Preliminaries/Agency, Motion, and Anatomy/Behaviors / Architectures / Affect/Sensors / Manipulators/Part II: Mobility/Potential Fields/Roadmaps / Reactive Navigation / Multi-Robot Mapping: Brick and Mortar Strategy / Part III: State of the Art / Multi-Robotics Phenomena / Human-Robot Interaction / Fuzzy Control / Decision Theory and Game Theory / Part IV: On the Horizon / Applications: Macro and Micro Robots / References / Author Biography / Discussion

Книги о техническом анализе.

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Скачать книгу Phase Change Memory бесплатно, читать книги онлайн Moinuddin K. Qureshi, Sudhanva Gurumurthi, Bipin Rajendran, Morgan & Claypool Publishers

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Автор книги из жанра базы данных, легкая промышленность, нормативная документация, промышленность, технический анализ: Moinuddin K. Qureshi, Sudhanva Gurumurthi, Bipin Rajendran, Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

Идентификатор книги: 55704411.

книга Phase Change Memory  Краткое содержание бизнес книги: Phase Change Memory.

As conventional memory technologies such as DRAM and Flash run into scaling challenges, architects and system designers are forced to look at alternative technologies for building future computer systems. This synthesis lecture begins by listing the requirements for a next generation memory technology and briefly surveys the landscape of novel non-volatile memories. Among these, Phase Change Memory (PCM) is emerging as a leading contender, and the authors discuss the material, device, and circuit advances underlying this exciting technology. The lecture then describes architectural solutions to enable PCM for main memories. Finally, the authors explore the impact of such byte-addressable non-volatile memories on future storage and system designs.

Table of Contents: Next Generation Memory Technologies / Architecting PCM for Main Memories / Tolerating Slow Writes in PCM / Wear Leveling for Durability / Wear Leveling Under Adversarial Settings / Error Resilience in Phase Change Memories / Storage and System Design With Emerging Non-Volatile Memories

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Читаем, узнаем и применяем инструменты на практике, как и почему работает тех. анализ.
Учимся технике анализировать ситуацию на международных и межбанковских биржах.